G.R. No. 124520 August 18, 1997
Lessons Applicable: Effect of Lack of Insurable Interest (Insurance)
Laws Applicable: Sec. 17, Sec. 18, Sec. 25 of the Insurance Code
FACTS:
- Spouses Nilo Cha and Stella Uy-Cha and CKS Development Corporation entered a 1 year lease contract with a stipulation not to insure against fire the chattels, merchandise, textiles, goods and effects placed at any stall or store or space in the leased premises without first obtaining the written consent and approval of the lessor. But it insured against loss by fire their merchandise inside the leased premises for P500,000 with the United Insurance Co., Inc. without the written consent of CKS
- On the day the lease contract was to expire, fire broke out inside the leased premises and CKS learning that the spouses procured an insurance wrote to United to have the proceeds be paid directly to them. But United refused so CKS filed against Spouses Cha and United.
- RTC: United to pay CKS the amount of P335,063.11 and Spouses Cha to pay P50,000 as exemplary damages, P20,000 as attorney’s fees and costs of suit
- CA: deleted exemplary damages and attorney’s fees
ISSUE: W/N the CKS has insurable interest because the spouses Cha violated the stipulation
HELD: NO. CA set aside. Awarding the proceeds to spouses Cha.
- Sec. 18. No contract or policy of insurance on property shall be enforceable except for the benefit of some person having an insurable interest in the property insured
- A non-life insurance policy such as the fire insurance policy taken by petitioner-spouses over their merchandise is primarily a contract of indemnity. Insurable interest in the property insured must exist a t the time the insurance takes effect and at the time the loss occurs. The basis of such requirement of insurable interest in property insured is based on sound public policy: to prevent a person from taking out an insurance policy on property upon which he has no insurable interest and collecting the proceeds of said policy in case of loss of the property. In such a case, the contract of insurance is a mere wager which is void under Section 25 of the Insurance Code.
- SECTION 25. Every stipulation in a policy of Insurance for the payment of loss, whether the person insured has or has not any interest in the property insured, or that the policy shall be received as proof of such interest, and every policy executed by way of gaming or wagering, is void
- Section 17. The measure of an insurable interest in property is the extent to which the insured might be damnified by loss of injury thereof
- The automatic assignment of the policy to CKS under the provision of the lease contract previously quoted is void for being contrary to law and/or public policy. The proceeds of the fire insurance policy thus rightfully belong to the spouses. The liability of the Cha spouses to CKS for violating their lease contract in that Cha spouses obtained a fire insurance policy over their own merchandise, without the consent of CKS, is a separate and distinct issue which we do not resolve in this case.