G.R. No. 115156 December
14, 1995
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
GO SHIU LING, MARY ONG, TERESITA BAJAR y OBEDOZA, and
TEODORO EVANGELISTA y DE LOS REYES, accused.
ANTONIO COMIA y QUINERY, accused-appellant.
MENDOZA, J.:
This is an appeal from the decision of the Regional Trial
Court of Pasay City, Branch CX, finding accused-appellant Antonio Comia guilty
of conspiring with four others to import regulated drugs in violation of Art.
III, §14 in relation to Art. IV, §21 of the Dangerous Drugs Act (Rep. Act No.
6425, as amended).
The facts are as follows:
About the middle
of August 1992, Chief Inspector Amador Pabustan of the Criminal Investigation
Section of the Philippine National Police received a report from the
International Police Organization (Interpol) that a large shipment of narcotics
was arriving in Manila by air mail. Accordingly, he conferred with the
Collector of Customs at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Pastor Guiao,
who ordered an inspection of parcels of commercial quantity coming from
Hongkong, Singapore, Indonesia and Bangkok.
On
September 3, 1992, accused-appellant Antonio Comia went to the Airmail Distribution Center
(ADC) at the NAIA to inquire about packages sent through TASCO, a brokerage
firm engaged in freight facilitating and forwarding, in which Comia was
working. Comia had been asked by TASCO Manager Lydia Dizon to follow up the
release of the parcels of a client, Mary Ong, which were supposed to have left
the Hongkong Airport on September 2, 1992. The cargo consisted of about 30
parcels which were addressed to various individuals and bearing the identifying
marks "VGM" or "VGMO."
Comia
was informed by Teresita Bajar at the Air Parcel Division of the ADC that the
packages had arrived but that they were being held for inspection, possibly
even for seizure. He was informed that one of the packages marked
"VGM" had arrived in bad order and that its contents, which turned
out to be watches, had spilled out.
Comia
told Dizon what he had been told. Dizon, in turn, called up Mary Ong to inform
her of the condition of the shipment.
Comia
talked to several officials of the ADC. Having failed to convince them to
release his cargo, Comia went to see Acting Supervising Appraiser of the Air Parcel
Division of the Airmail Distribution Center Emmanuel Laudit on September 9,
1992 to make an appointment for Teodoro Evangelista, the owner of TASCO and
Comia's brother-in-law, to see Laudit.
The same morning, Evangelista came and interceded for the release of the packages by
suggesting to Laudit, "Perahin na lang eka iyan." Laudit advised
Evangelista to speak instead with Collector Guiao.
Meanwhile, the other packages of TASCO, marked "VGM, N
"VGMO," and "TRE," were inspected. On September 8, 1992, a package marked
"VGMO" and addressed to a certain "COMIA," was found to
contain plastic bags containing crystals. When examined at the National Bureau
of Investigation, the shipment turned out to be metamphetamine hydrochloride or
shabu.
The matter was reported to the Commissioner of Customs and
the Postmaster General. The following day, September 9, 1992, in their presence
and in the presence of the PNP, nine parcels marked "VGMO" were
opened. The parcels were addressed to different individuals. Two parcels, both addressed to
"COMIA," were found to contain crystalline powder which when tested
was found to be shabu. A total of 21.8 kilograms of shabu, with an estimated
value of P50 million, was uncovered.
Evangelista,
who was present, was confronted with the cargo. He gave a statement to the
police denying any knowledge of the importation and claiming that the cargo
belonged to Mary Ong.
Accordingly, Mary Ong was invited for questioning. She executed an affidavit
admitting that the packages marked "VGM" were hers, but she claimed
they were actually meant for Mrs. Go Shiu Ling, the sister of the sender in
Hongkong. Ong claimed that she had merely been asked by Go Shiu Ling to
facilitate the importation of the boxes which she (Mary Ong) thought contained watches.
Based on Mary Ong's statement, Go Shiu Ling was also apprehended.
In an Information dated September 11, 1992, Comia, Teresita
Bajar, Mary Ong, and Go Shiu Ling were charged with violation of Art. III, §14,
in relation to Art. IV, §21 of R.A. No. 6425, as amended. The information
alleged
That on
or about the 9th day of September, 1992, in Pasay City, Metro Manila and
within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the abovenamed accused, conspiring and
confederating together and mutually helping one another, without authority of
law, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully, and feloniously import or bring
into the Philippines thru the Airmail Distribution Center, Domestic Road, this
City, Metamphetamine Hydrochloride (shabu), a regulated drug.
Upon
their arraignment on September 18, 1992, the accused pleaded "not
guilty."
On October 12, 1992, the Information was amended to include Teodoro
Evangelista, who, however, has remained at large.
Trial proceeded except as to Evangelista. After the prosecution
had rested its case, the accused filed separate demurrers to the prosecution's
evidence.
On April 15, 1993, the trial court dismissed the case against Bajar, on the
ground that her complicity consisted merely of being in the working area of the
customs examiners of the ADC, locating Comia's parcels, where she had no
authority to be. The trial court held that this circumstance was
insufficient to prove that she was in conspiracy with the others in the
importation of shabu.
On April 22, 1993, the trial court also granted the demurrers of Ong and Go. It
held that Evangelista's affidavit, which implicated Ong, was inadmissible as
evidence because Evangelista was not presented to identify it. Likewise, Ong's
own affidavit, in which she pointed to Go as the real consignee of the
packages, was also held to be inadmissible on the ground that it had been taken
while she was under custodial investigation without assistance of counsel. (Ong
was not confronted with the three parcels marked "VGMO." She admitted
owning packages marked "VGM" but made no mention of the packages
marked "VGMO" in her affidavit. Moreover, what she admitted was that
the parcels were sent to her by one Yu Yen Jian, whereas the three parcels
appeared to have been shipped by a certain Ching Ming).
Comia's
demurrer was, however, denied. He was found guilty and sentenced to suffer life
imprisonment and to pay a fine of P30,000.00.
The trial court found that TASCO's modus operandi was to have the cargo of clients
divided into parcels which were then addressed to different individuals in
order to reduce or entirely avoid customs duties. The addressees were people
close to Evangelista, such as accused-appellant, who is his brother-in-law,
Lydia Dizon, his sister-in-law, Joel Evangelista, his son, and Bert Tuazon, his
neighbor. The names and addresses were likewise interchanged or fictitious
addresses were given. The packages were coded with the initials of TASCO's
clients so that they could be identified. The code names "VGM" and
"VGMO" stood for Mary Ong.
Comia's job was to monitor the packages as they arrived at
the ADC, although they were not released there but at pilot post offices to
which they were forwarded. Teresita
Bajar knew the coded initials of TASCO's clients, having been given a list of
them. She would monitor the packages of TASCO that had arrived and relay the
information to Comia so that the latter could claim them at the Sta. Mesa
satellite post office. In claiming them, Comia did not have to sign nor show
any identification for the packages he received for TASCO. The person in
charge of the Sta. Mesa post office simply checked the items on his list. Comia
refused to name the personnel from whom he claimed his packages.
In this particular instance, Comia was following up the
parcels of Mary Ong which left the Airmail Center of Hongkong on September 2,
1992. They were supposed to contain watches misdeclared as toys and gifts. In
this way Ong was in the past able to import dutiable goods, such as
calculators, without paying the corresponding taxes.
Comia testified that although TASCO clients had used his
name, it was the first time that Mary Ong used his name as a dummy addressee.
Previously, Mary Ong had used the names of the other dummy addressees which had
been given to her by Lydia Dizon. On the other hand, Comia's name was used by
Rudy Hernandez, another client of TASCO. Comia said he consented to the use of
his name by Ong at the instance of Lydia Dizon. Comia claimed he was a mere
employee and delivery man and got nothing in exchange for the use of his name.
Lydia Dizon, on the other hand, denied that she ever allowed Mary Ong to use
Comia's name.
In finding Comia guilty, the trial court held that he acted
on his own in conspiracy with unknown partners, by using Mary Ong's coded initials
"VGMO" and thereby making it appear they were part of Ong's shipment,
since only the three parcels all addressed to Comia and marked "VGMO"
contained shabu. The trial court held that the fact that Comia was persistent in his
follow up showed that he knew the contents of the three parcels. The
trial court held:
If, as Comia claimed, he had been going to the ADC daily
from the last week of August 1992 up to the first week of September 1992, he
could not have failed to determine that the three parcels had arrived on
September 3, 1992 and, therefore, there was no longer any need to follow-up
even up to September 9, 1992 if his purpose was merely to determine whether or
not they had arrived. That he had religiously gone to the ADC to follow up even after becoming
aware of the arrival of the packages is an indication that he was there not
merely to know if they had arrived but to secure their immediate dispatch to
the satellite office. That he informed Laudit about Evangelista's
wanting to see him (Laudit) as in fact Evangelista went to see Laudit to whom
he proposed "Perahin na lang eka iyan" is an indication of his keen
interest in having the parcels released. Such keen interest indicates prior
knowledge of the contents of the parcels, for if, as claimed, they knew them to
contain merely watches, and also as claimed, he got nothing for the use of his
name, why the persistent follow-up?
Comia has appealed, making the following assignment of
errors:
I.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONCLUDING FROM THE MAZE OF DUBIOUS
CIRCUMSTANCES THAT ACCUSED-APPELLANT HAS PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE CONTENTS OF THE
THREE PARCELS IN QUESTION WHICH WERE FOUND TO CONTAIN PROHIBITED DRUGS. 1
II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE PARCELS IN
QUESTION WERE TO GO TO COMIA AND HIS CONSPIRATOR/S WHICH CONCLUSION WAS BASED
ON THE UNDUE AND ERRONEOUS INFERENCE DERIVED FROM THE TESTIMONY OF LYDIA DIZON
TO THE EFFECT THAT SHE DID NOT GIVE THE NAME OF ACCUSED-APPELLANT FOR PARCELS
OF MARY ONG AS IT WAS A CERTAIN RUDY HERNANDEZ WHO WAS USING THE NAME OF
ACCUSED-APPELLANT. 2
III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE EVIDENCE AGAINST
ACCUSED-APPELLANT "SHOWS PROOF OF CONSPIRACY BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT IN
THE IMPORTATION OF THE THREE PARCELS OF SHABU SUBJECT OF THE CASE AT BAR. 3
IV
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT ABSOLVING ACCUSED-APPELLANT OF
THE OFFENSE CHARGED ON THE GROUND THAT HIS GUILT HAS NOT BEEN SHOWN BY PROOF
BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT. 4
The Solicitor General filed in lieu of an appellee's brief a
Manifestation that, in his opinion, the guilt of the accused has not been
proven beyond reasonable doubt and, for this reason, recommending the acquittal
of accused-appellant Comia.
We find accused-appellant's contentions and the Solicitor
General's manifestation to be without merit.
First. Accused-appellant
and the Solicitor General contend that, instead of showing that Comia knew that
the packages contained shabu, the fact that Comia was persistent in seeking the
release of the packages shows that he did not know what the parcels contained.
They contend that Comia knew that one parcel had been
discovered to contain watches in commercial quantity, not toys or gifts as
stated in the customs declaration; that the next step would be the seizure of
the cargo; and that in following up the matter at the ADC, his only purpose was
to try to prevent the seizure of the goods. They contend that if Comia knew that the packages
contained shabu, he would have stopped going to the ADC and instead would have
gone into hiding.
This contention has no merit. It is clear from the evidence
that Evangelista and his firm had connections with the people inside the ADC
and the Sta. Mesa Post Office, because of which Evangelista and his firm were
able to slip through customs commercial quantities of highly dutiable goods.
Accused-appellant himself states in his brief that the fact that Emmanuel Laudit of the ADC
allegedly warned Lydia Dizon that the shipment was going to be discovered
"indicates [the] existence of an alliance with Laudit."
Without such an "alliance," merely using dummy addressees with
fictitious or inaccurate addresses on the parcels handled by the TASCO would
not be enough to make the smuggling of goods and contraband possible.
Indeed, Lydia Dizon herself, the TASCO manager, testified:
ATTY. MARCOLETA:
Q You said at the
outset, Madam Witness, that you are presently jobless and that you last
reported for work middle of August 1992, will you please explain to the Court
the interruption in your work?
A Because in
mid-August 1992 ADC called up our office, informing me to stop working and
since then I have stopped working.
COURT:
Q Now, tell us, who
in the ADC called you up?
A Mr. Manny Laudit,
Your Honor.
Q Did it occur to you
to inquire from him why he advised you to stop working?
A Because according
to him "mainit na daw ho" because it is from him was [sic] that we
really get the information.
Q Now tell us, what
did you understand by "mainit?"
A I cannot understand
what he meant by "mainit." He just told me so.
Comia's role was to monitor the packages as they arrived at
the ADC. He saw to it that the packages bearing false addresses were not sent
to the dead letter office or returned to their senders. He was known at the
Sta. Mesa post office to which the packages were forwarded. This fact enabled
him to have them released without having to sign for anything or produce proof
of identity, as would have been the procedure for claiming parcels.
Thus it is more likely that Comia kept on working for the
release of the packages despite the discovery of the watches because of his
friends at the ADC. He had
reason to work hard for the release of the packages, now that the watches had
been discovered and ranking officials of the ADC presumably already knew that
TASCO's packages had been misdeclared. He had to have them released before the
rest of the packages were inspected. When his efforts failed, Comia called on
his brother-in-law, Teodoro Evangelista, who was the owner of the firm and a
former customs policeman, so that the latter could use his influence.
When Evangelista arrived, he assured Laudit that the packages contained only
watches and boldly offered "Perahin na lang eka iyan."
This is far different from the scenario which the Solicitor
General has portrayed where an innocent man's name is used by another for
unlawful purposes without his knowledge or consent. Comia was not a victim, nor
was he framed up. Comia was not an ordinary employee of the TASCO. He is the
brother-in-law of the owner of TASCO, Teodoro Evangelista, and the one entrusted
by the latter to follow up matters at the ADC and the Sta. Mesa Post Office. He
was the one who was in fact known to the employees there. Bajar testified that
Comia would inquire from her about TASCO's expected packages two or three times
a week or sometimes daily. 5 Laudit testified that in the four years he had
known Evangelista, he had seen him only about five times, while he had been
seeing accused-appellant regularly:
FISCAL BERON:
Q Now, do you know of
a person by the name of Teodoro Evangelista?
A Teddy Evangelista,
not Teodoro.
Q Why do you know
Teddy?
A Because he was one
of the facilitators/forwarders there who has some commercial parcels there that
are coming from abroad sir.
Q Since when have you
known Teddy Evangelista?
A Since four (4)
years ago sir. 6
. . . .
Q How often was Teddy
Evangelista in your office for the four (4) years that you say had been in this
business of facilitating release of parcels?
A I have seen him
only a maximum of five (5) times.
COURT:
Q Five (5) times during
the four years?
A Yes, Your Honor
because he seldom comes to the office. It is only Tonying who goes to . . .
Q Who is that Tonying
that you mentioned?
A Tonying, that
fellow seated there Your Honor.
(witness approaching the gallery and tap [sic] the shoulder
of a man who responded to the name Tonying Comia)
COURT:
Q He is the one
accused here?
A Yes, Your Honor.
Q What about him, why
did you mention him when I was asking you about Teddy Evangelista?
Q Tonying is the one
who frequents our office to follow up their importations. 7
Even
granting that Comia acted in good faith, he cannot escape criminal
responsibility. The crime with which he is charged is a malum prohibitum. Lack
of criminal intent and good faith are not exempting circumstances. As
held in People v. Lo Ho Wing: 8
Moreover,
the act of transporting a prohibited drug is a "malum prohibitum"
because it is punished as an offense under a special law. It is a wrong because
it is prohibited by law. Without the law punishing the act, it cannot be
considered a wrong. As such, the mere commission of said act is what
constitutes the offense punished and suffices to validly charge and convict an
individual caught committing the act so punished, regardless of criminal intent.
Likewise, in People v. Bayona, it was held:
The rule is that in acts mala in se there must be a criminal
intent, but in those mala prohibita it is sufficient if the prohibited act was
intentionally done. "Care must be exercised in distinguishing the
difference between the intent to commit the crime and the intent to perpetrate
to act." 9
Indeed, Comia cannot claim to have acted in good faith. Even
assuming that he did not know that the packages contained shabu, the fact is
that he tried to facilitate the importation of dutiable goods free of customs
duties. It comes as a surprise therefore that in moving for the acquittal of
accused-appellant the Solicitor General should downplay or minimize the role of
accused-appellant by insisting that the latter was a "mere employee"
who did not have a choice "but to assent to whatever his employer wanted
to do," and that "besides, this practice of TASCO of using different
addressed for a client has been admitted by no less than its manager, Lydia
Dizon herself." 10
The fact is that accused-appellant Antonio Comia gave his
consent for the importers of the illegal cargo to use his name for the purpose
of concealing it from the authorities. He cannot now wash his hands and say he
did not know that they would use his name to import shabu. He gave them license
to use his name for whatever purpose and it was not at all unforeseeable that
clients could employ the scheme to import shabu or other drugs and other
contraband.
Second. Accused-appellant
argues that the trial court also erred in relying upon the testimony of Lydia
Dizon that Mary Ong never used Comia's name, on the basis of which the trial
court concluded that Comia had acted on his own together with his
co-conspirators. Accused-appellant claims that Dizon had every reason to implicate
him (Comia) as the sole perpetrator of the crime because as manager of TASCO
she knew she could possibly be implicated in the crime. Accused-appellant
points out that it was upon her instruction that Comia had gone to ADC on
September 3, 1992 to inquire about the arrival of the parcels.
But while this may be true, as already discussed the
evidence against Comia, even without Dizon's testimony, is sufficient to
support a finding of his guilt.
Third. Appellant
argues further that he cannot be convicted of conspiracy because the cases
against his alleged co-conspirators, Mary Ong and Go Shiu Ling, were dismissed.
The contention is without merit. In People v. Dramayo, 11
the Court affirmed the conviction of two out of seven conspirators originally
accused of murder. This Court noted that there had been cases where, notwithstanding that a majority
of the defendants have been acquitted, the accused had been held responsible
for the crime charged, a moral certainty having arisen as to their
culpability. 12
ACCORDINGLY, the judgment appealed from is AFFIRMED. Pursuant to §17 of Republic
Act No. 7659, however, the penalty of life imprisonment is MODIFIED to reclusion perpetua.
SO ORDERED.
Narvasa, C.J., Regalado, Puno and Francisco., JJ., concur.